North Dakota Health and Human Services (HHS) has reported a sharp increase in pertussis, or "whooping cough," cases in 2024. As of October 23, there have been 73 confirmed cases, a significant rise from just 17 in all of 2023. Cases span 11 counties, affecting people of all ages, with four infants requiring hospitalization. In response, HHS has issued a health advisory to North Dakota healthcare providers to raise awareness and enhance preventive measures.

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Recognizing and Understanding the Symptoms of Contagious Pertussis

Pertussis is highly contagious, often spreading through respiratory droplets. Early symptoms may resemble a common cold and include a runny nose, mild cough, and low-grade fever. However, as the illness progresses, coughing fits may intensify, leading to the characteristic high-pitched “whoop” sound when inhaling. Severe cases can also result in vomiting, exhaustion, broken ribs, and breathing difficulties, especially in infants.

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Vaccination: Key to Preventing Severe Pertussis Cases

Immunization remains the most effective way to prevent severe cases of pertussis. HHS recommends the DTaP vaccine series for children beginning at two months, the Tdap vaccine for adolescents, and a Tdap booster for adults every 10 years. Pregnant women should receive the Tdap vaccine with each pregnancy to protect their newborns. While vaccine effectiveness ranges from 70-98%, immunity can decrease over time, making periodic boosters essential.

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Steps to Take if Pertussis is Suspected

If pertussis is suspected, individuals should consult their healthcare provider immediately. Antibiotics are typically prescribed for treatment and for high-risk close contacts. To help prevent the spread, those diagnosed with pertussis should avoid work or school until five days after starting antibiotics or 21 days after coughing begins.

For the latest updates on pertussis cases and exposure areas, visit hhs.nd.gov/pertussis.

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